99
Small engraved silver snuff box. Novo-Hispanic workshop. Mexico, Guanajuato. Dated 1768.
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Beschreibung
Small engraved silver snuff box. Novo-Hispanic workshop. Mexico, Guanajuato. Dated 1768.
5.8 x 7.5 x 1.5 cm.
Dated and inscribed: "Guanaxuato. Aº 1768."
Inside the lid, within a border, the name of the owner is engraved: "Soi de mi Señor Joseph de Areche" (I belong to my Lord Joseph de Areche.) In the centre, two eagles face each other.
Thanks to the details provided by this box—name, year, and place—it can be confirmed with certainty that it belonged to José Antonio de Areche y Sornoza (Balmaseda, Vizcaya, 1728 – Bilbao, 1798), who was "Oidor" (judge) of Manila, Criminal Prosecutor of Mexico, Civil Prosecutor of Mexico, General Inspector of Peru, and a robed minister of the Council of the Indies.
It is interesting to read about his career in the biographical reference from the Royal Academy of History:
"Graduating with a degree and doctorate in Canon Law in 1756, he was a member of the Academia de Profesores of Santa María de Regla. Since 1752, he held a scholarship at the Colegio de Santa Catalina Mártir de los Verdes, where he later became rector.
In 1759, Areche applied for the chair of Canon Law at Alcalá and was a substitute for others.
Charles III appointed Areche to replace Pedro Calderón Enríquez as Oidor of the Audiencia of Manila by consultation on 5 June and by decree on 14 July 1765, a position he never occupied. He requested a loan of 5,390 pesos in Cádiz in 1767 (which had not yet been repaid twenty years later, according to his creditors). Areche departed for Manila with a licence on 14 April 1766. However, while passing through Mexico, Areche was appointed by the viceroy to fill the vacant position of Criminal Prosecutor of the Audiencia of Mexico, despite the court’s protests over the legality of the appointment. Areche’s work quickly earned him praise, and a year later, the ministers petitioned the King to make the appointment permanent, which was granted on 13 November 1767. (This snuff box is dated one year later.) Areche was promoted to the Civil Prosecutor's office on 17 January 1774, and impressed José de Gálvez during his visit to Mexico.
While serving as Prosecutor, Areche supported the Court of the Acordada, seeking funds to improve the building.
He was reported twice for possessing prohibited books, including Diderot’s Encyclopaedia and Voltaire's Thoughts. Notable for his severe and biting opinion of the Mexican population, he supported the military reforms of the General Inspector. When Gálvez became Secretary of State for the Indies in 1776, he appointed Areche General Inspector of the Kingdom of Peru on 25 March 1776, and simultaneously made him a member of the Council of the Indies so that he could "perform his duties with more dignity and authority". Shortly thereafter, Areche was also granted a pensioned knighthood in the Order of Charles III.
Areche undertook a stormy and controversial inspection in Peru during the late 1770s and early 1780s, clashing with nearly all authorities there. He arrived to examine both the financial and judicial bureaucracies, root out corruption, investigate forced distribution, consider implementing a system of intendants, and reform the method of tax collection. Areche arrived in Lima on 14 June 1777. His disputes, first with Viceroy Manuel de Guirior and then with Viceroy Agustín Jáuregui, led to the replacement of both. With Jáuregui’s appointment in 1780, Areche was given the responsibility of Superintendent for Financial and Economic Affairs. His efforts to reform the Court of Audits and the treasury system were unsuccessful. Jorge Escobedo Ocaña y Alarcón restored the previous system of royal treasuries. Areche’s attempts to reform municipal finances in Lima also failed.
His introduction of a “military contribution” or tax on free people of colour, although supposedly voluntary, faced opposition from those affected.
He was ordered to return to Spain in 1781.
Auktionsdetails
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AGB & Wichtige Informationen
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Small engraved silver snuff box. Novo-Hispanic workshop. Mexico, Guanajuato. Dated 1768.
5.8 x 7.5 x 1.5 cm.
Dated and inscribed: "Guanaxuato. Aº 1768."
Inside the lid, within a border, the name of the owner is engraved: "Soi de mi Señor Joseph de Areche" (I belong to my Lord Joseph de Areche.) In the centre, two eagles face each other.
Thanks to the details provided by this box—name, year, and place—it can be confirmed with certainty that it belonged to José Antonio de Areche y Sornoza (Balmaseda, Vizcaya, 1728 – Bilbao, 1798), who was "Oidor" (judge) of Manila, Criminal Prosecutor of Mexico, Civil Prosecutor of Mexico, General Inspector of Peru, and a robed minister of the Council of the Indies.
It is interesting to read about his career in the biographical reference from the Royal Academy of History:
"Graduating with a degree and doctorate in Canon Law in 1756, he was a member of the Academia de Profesores of Santa María de Regla. Since 1752, he held a scholarship at the Colegio de Santa Catalina Mártir de los Verdes, where he later became rector.
In 1759, Areche applied for the chair of Canon Law at Alcalá and was a substitute for others.
Charles III appointed Areche to replace Pedro Calderón Enríquez as Oidor of the Audiencia of Manila by consultation on 5 June and by decree on 14 July 1765, a position he never occupied. He requested a loan of 5,390 pesos in Cádiz in 1767 (which had not yet been repaid twenty years later, according to his creditors). Areche departed for Manila with a licence on 14 April 1766. However, while passing through Mexico, Areche was appointed by the viceroy to fill the vacant position of Criminal Prosecutor of the Audiencia of Mexico, despite the court’s protests over the legality of the appointment. Areche’s work quickly earned him praise, and a year later, the ministers petitioned the King to make the appointment permanent, which was granted on 13 November 1767. (This snuff box is dated one year later.) Areche was promoted to the Civil Prosecutor's office on 17 January 1774, and impressed José de Gálvez during his visit to Mexico.
While serving as Prosecutor, Areche supported the Court of the Acordada, seeking funds to improve the building.
He was reported twice for possessing prohibited books, including Diderot’s Encyclopaedia and Voltaire's Thoughts. Notable for his severe and biting opinion of the Mexican population, he supported the military reforms of the General Inspector. When Gálvez became Secretary of State for the Indies in 1776, he appointed Areche General Inspector of the Kingdom of Peru on 25 March 1776, and simultaneously made him a member of the Council of the Indies so that he could "perform his duties with more dignity and authority". Shortly thereafter, Areche was also granted a pensioned knighthood in the Order of Charles III.
Areche undertook a stormy and controversial inspection in Peru during the late 1770s and early 1780s, clashing with nearly all authorities there. He arrived to examine both the financial and judicial bureaucracies, root out corruption, investigate forced distribution, consider implementing a system of intendants, and reform the method of tax collection. Areche arrived in Lima on 14 June 1777. His disputes, first with Viceroy Manuel de Guirior and then with Viceroy Agustín Jáuregui, led to the replacement of both. With Jáuregui’s appointment in 1780, Areche was given the responsibility of Superintendent for Financial and Economic Affairs. His efforts to reform the Court of Audits and the treasury system were unsuccessful. Jorge Escobedo Ocaña y Alarcón restored the previous system of royal treasuries. Areche’s attempts to reform municipal finances in Lima also failed.
His introduction of a “military contribution” or tax on free people of colour, although supposedly voluntary, faced opposition from those affected.
He was ordered to return to Spain in 1781.
Allegories, Legends and Holinesses
Auktionsdatum
Lose: 170
Ort der Versteigerung
Conde de Salvatierra, 8
Barcelona
08006
Spain
Generelle Versandinformationen vom Auktionshaus verfügbar
The purchase price includes the delivery of the lots in the venue of the auction. Transporting to other destinations is at the own risk of the client. The customer must contact "LST", to give the corresponding instructions for such transporting. "LST" is not responsible for the packaging or any accident incurred during transportation.
Wichtige Informationen
For buyer’s premium and VAT please check particular lot.
Zu Aufgeld und Mehrwertsteuer prüfen Sie bitte das jeweilige Los.
AGB
CONDITIONS OF THE AUCTION:
I. REGISTRATION. To bid in the room customers must register at the beginning, filling out a form and picking a number that will identify them during the auction. Customers may be required to register in bank references or other guarantee system and if they do not prove the solvency "LST" will not accept bids and award the auction.
II. WRITTEN BIDS. "LST" will accept written bids, which will be formalized in the form provided by the room until the day before the auction. In such auctions, the room will bid in name of the client until the maximum stated in the offer and always at the lowest possible price. If there are two or more bids for the same amount, the one placed first will have the priority. Written bids received in advance, will have priority on the day of the auction.
III. TELEPHONE BIDS. "LST" will allow telephone bids, if interested people contact "LST" days before the auction providing personal data, ID card and the phone number which will be used by the staff of "LST" to call at the time of the auction. The buyer, within all the legal rights is making an offer for the asking price, when applies for telephone bid. "LST" will not take responsibility for any technical defects beyond its control, which may prevent to contact successfully the bidder during the auction.
IV. AUCTIONEER. The auction will be conducted by an auctioneer, director of the auction will be judge and arbitrator of it with full authority in its development, will award the lots to the highest bidder and is able to settle any controversy concerning lots sale, reject bids, divide lots or group them and remover objects from the room. Will be able to, if it is deemed suitable, not accept bids on the auction. His decision will be unappealable.
V. SALE OF LOTS. The lots are awarded to the highest bidder. Once the auctioneer blows the hammer, the buyer becomes responsible of the lot purchased, exempting "LST" of liability to for any damage and / or accidents that may occur. No refunds of lots.
VI. STARTING PRICE. The amount shown in the catalogue as the starting price for each lot will be, as a rule, the minimum selling price, except for exceptional cases where a reservation may be agreed upon with the seller or it set discretionary by the room.
VII. SCALE OF BIDS. The bids are set according to the following scale:
From 50.-€ to 200.-€…………………………………………..at 10.-€
From 200.-€ to 500.-€…………………………………… …25 in 25.-€
From 500.-€ to 1.000.-€………………………………..…..….50 in 50.-€
From 1.000.-€ to 2.000.-€………………………………..…100 in 100.-€
From 2.000.-€ to 5.000.-€……………………………….….250 in 250.-€
From 5.000.-€ to 10.000.-€…………………………………500 in 500.-€
From 10.000.-€ to 20.000.-€……………………………1.000 in 1.000.-€
From 20.000.-€ to 50.000.-€……………………………2.500 in 2.500.-€
From 50.000.-€ to 100.000.-€…………………………..5.000 in 5.000.-€
From 100.000.-€ to 100.000.-€………………………10.000 in 10.000.-€
From 200.000.-€ to 200.000.-€………………………25.000 in 25.000.-€
From 500.000.-€ to 500.000.-€………………………50.000 in 50.000.-€
VIII. RIGHT OF ADMISION. "LST" reserves the right to admission to the auction room and to reject, at its judgment, any purchase order, from clients whose solvency is not duly proved as well as not to sale auctions.
IX. SALE PRICES. The successful bidder of one or more lots must pay "LST" the final sale price achieves at auction, plus the 24,5 % plus 21% VAT on the commission, at total 29,64% on Hammer Price.
X. CATALOG DATA. The catalogue data are obtained in order to careful research and advice, however, any responsibility is afforded about its accuracy. The lots will be auctioned in the state in which they are, not accepting any claims in restorations, breakage, damage, imperfections and, even description or numbering mistakes in the catalogue, in case of it, being the burden of the buyers to make sure before the auction that the description matches with their personal opinion about respective lot. The exhibition of the lots is intended to allow a perfect review and study of them.
XI. PAYMENT AND REMOVAL OF LOTS. Payment and removal of the lots will be held no later than five days following the auction. After this period expire without having the buyer removed the lot or lots purchases, it will accrue an expense of custody of 6 euros per day on each lot.
15 days after the auction without having the buyer paid and removes the sold lots, "LST" will inform the seller and there will begin judicial proceeding in order to obtain payment. The delay in payment by the purchaser of his/her sold lots will carry an interest increase at a rate of 1,5% per month.
XII. DELIVERY OF LOTS. The purchase price includes the delivery of the lots in the venue of the auction. Transporting to other destinations is at the own risk of the client. The customer must contact "LST", to give the corresponding instructions for such transporting. "LST" is not responsible for the packaging or any accident incurred during transportation.
XIII. RIGHT OF FIRT REFUSAL AND REPURCHASE. "LST" in order to article 38 of "Ley 16/1985 de 25 Junio del Patrimonio Histórico Español" (BOE. 155 June 29, 1985), will notify in advance to the Ministry of Culture, the content of their catalogues. Concerning the lots subject to the legislation referred to in the preceding paragraph, the Administration may exercise the rights of first refusal and repurchase according to the law. "LST" will watch over the protection of Artistic, Historical and Bibliographical Heritage of Spain. For customers out of European Community, a tax for export is required by the Administration.
XIV. VALUE ADDED TAX (I.V.A). This tax will be accrued on commissions of "LST" for buyers, using the rates prevailing on the date of the auction.
XV. DATA PROTECTION. In order to the "Ley 15/1999 de 13 de Diciembre, de Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal", the client authorize "LST", the inclusion of their data in a customer file, and for the promotion by "LST" of the objects at all times the rights of access, rectification or deletion of personal data by sending the appropriate request to the following address: LA SUITE SUBASTAS, C/ Conde Salvatierra, 8, 08006. Barcelona.
XVI. EXPRESS LEGAL JURISDICTION. These Conditions are governed by and interpreted in accordance with the rules of Spanish law. The mere act of participating in the auction as seller, buyer or bidder, implies acceptance of these Terms and Conditions.
Sales operations are understood to be held at the registered office of "LST", C/ Conde de Salvatierra, 8, 08006. Any dispute shall be taken to the competent courts of Barcelona, expressly waiving any other jurisdiction, in accordance with Article 55 of the "Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil".
